The cross-cutting concern is a concern that is applicable throughout the application and it affects the entire application.

For example logging, security, and data transfer are the concerns that are needed in almost every module of an application, hence they are cross-cutting concerns. 

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Different level of security is implemented differently like method level security is implemented using AOP. Spring Security framework also uses filters to implement security.

You can further see Spring Security Fundamentals learn more about Authentication and Authorization on Spring Security. 

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Read more: https://javarevisited.blogspot.com/2021/02/spring-security-interview-questions-answers-java.html#ixzz7oQ7SmpbR