# Create dataframe

df=data.frame(id=c(11,22,33,44,55),

              pages=c(32,45,33,22,56),

              name=c("spark","python","R","java","jsp"),

              chapters=c(76,86,11,15,7),

              price=c(144,553,321,567,890))

​

# Display the dataframe

print(df)

​

# Remove Columns by Index

df2 <- df[,-2]

​

# Remove Columns by Range

df2 <- df[,-2:-4]

​

# Remove Multiple columns

df2 <- df[,-c(2,3)]

​

# Remove  Columns in List

df2 <- df[,!names(df) %in% c("id", "name", "chapters")]

​

# Remove using subset

df2 <- subset(df, select = -c(id, name, chapters))

​

# Load the dplyr package

library("dplyr")

​

# Remove columns using select()

df2 <- df %>% select(-c(id, name, chapters))

​

# Remove columns by Range

df2 <- df %>% select(-(id:chapters))

​

# Remove columns contains character

df2 <- df %>% select(-contains('apt'))

​

# Remove columns starts with

df2 <- df %>% select(-starts_with('c'))

​

# Remove columns ends with

df2 <- df %>% select(-ends_with('e'))

​

# Remove columns using  within()

df2 <- within(df, rm(id, name, chapters))