aptitude -v -v moo

aptitude -vv moo

ls -l -r

ls -rl

ls -lr

1.sudo // meaning superUser do give access to superuser work

    sudo -h // gives the command help 

2.pwd // meaning path of working directory

    pwd <options(-L or -P)> // -L gives path to logical path and -P for physical path

    //-L For example,if existing in a dir /home/symlinked, it's a symlink to /home/realdir; it would display /home/symlinked.

    //-P For example, if existing in a dir /home/symlinked, it's a symlink to /home/realdir; it would display /home/realdir.

3.cd <options(~[username] or .. or -)>

4.ls <options (-R or -a or -lh)>//-R recursive, -a means all including hidden files

    //-lh shows the file size with easy readable format

5.cat // meaning conacat used to conacat files

    cat filename.txt // view the file

    cat > filename.txt // creates a new file and ctrl+D to save the file

    cat file1.txt file2.txt > file3.txt // merges two files

    tac filename.txt // display content of file in reverse order

6.cp // to copy the files and directories

    cp filename.txt destinationPath

    cp filename.txt /home/username/Documents

    cp filename1.txt filename2.txt filename3.txt /home/username/Documents

    cp filename1.txt filename2.txt // copy content of file in another file

    cp -R /home/username/documents /home/username/documents_backup

        // -R copy everything recursively meaning copy whole directory

7.mv // primary use is to move and rename files and directories

    mv filename.txt /home/username/Documents // moves file to this directory

    mv old_filename.txt new_filename.txt // renames the filename

​

8.mkdir // used for creating one or many directries at once and set permission

    // for each one of them

    mkdir [options] directory_name

    mkdir Music // create a directory called Music

    mkdir Music/Songs // create a directory inside Music

    mkdir -p Anime/Movies // create multiple parent directories if needed

    mkdir -m a=rwx [directories] // read and write and execution access

    mkdir -v [directories] // verbose meaning print statement for each directory created

​

9.rmdir // removes empty directory but user must have sudo privilage in parent directory

    rmdir folder_name

    rmdir -p Anime/Movies //if both directores are empty we can delete both by using this flag

10.rm //this command is used to delete files in the directory

    // user performing this command must have write permission

    rm [options] filename.txt

    rm file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt // removes multiple files

    rm -i file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt // prompts for confirmation before deleting file

    rm -r directoryname/ // remvoes file recursively

    rm -f file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt // removes file without any confirmation

​

11.touch // this allows you to create empty file or to modify time stamp

    touch filename.txt // for creating file

    touch filename{1..3}.txt // create multiple file filename1.txt, filename2.txt, filename3.txt

    touch -a filename.txt // changes access time to currenttime

    touch -m filename.txt // chagnes modified time to currenttime

    touch -a -t YYYYMMDDhhmm.ss filename.txt// this will set the acess time as per provided

    touch  file1.txt -r file2.txt // this will copy access and modified time of file2.txt and update in file1.txt

    touch -d '8 Mar' filename.txt // this will set the give string as date and rest will be same as current time

    touch -d '20:10' filename.txt // this will se the time and rest will be same current date   

​

12. stat filname.txt // gives access, modified and created time data etc

​

13.locate // will help to find the file with the name

    locate filename.txt 

    locate -i school // will find all filenames having school word in it

    // -i ignores the case

    locate -i school*notes // finds all files with containing words school and notes

​

14.find // to find file or directory with directory path to look for

    find [directory] -name [filename]

    find /home -name notes.txt // will find notes.txt in home directory and its sub folder

    find -name notes.txt //will find notes.txt in current directory 

    find ./ type d -name directoryname // will find the directory with name

​

15.grep // to find some data in the file

    grep [options] pattern [FILE]

    grep -A2 pattern file_name // print 2 more lines after the pattern match

    grep -B2 pattern file_name // print 2 lines before the pattern match

    grep -C3 pattern file_name // print 3 lines before and after the patten match

    options:

    -i // case insensative search

    -w // search for words only

    -c // counts the total matches

    -r // search in recursive pattern

    -n // prints lines numbers

    -v //this options show the reverse match i.e which don't match

    grep pattern file1, file2, file3

    grep pattern * // search in the all present files

    grep 'query1\|query2' file // serarching for multiple queryies at a time

    egrep 'query1|query2' file 

    grep -e query1 -e query2 file

    grep -E 'query1|query2' file

    grep '^query' file // search the lines which starts with query

    grep '^query1.*query2$' file // finds lines which starts with query1 and endswith query2

sysadmin@localhost:~$ aptitude moo

There are no Easter Eggs in this program.

sysadmin@localhost:~$ ls

Desktop  Documents  Downloads  Music  Pictures  Public  Templates  Videos

command [options…] [arguments…]

sysadmin@localhost:~$ ls Documents

School           alpha-second.txt  food.txt     linux.txt     os.csv

Work             alpha-third.txt   hello.sh     longfile.txt  people.csv

adjectives.txt   alpha.txt         hidden.txt   newhome.txt   profile.txt

alpha-first.txt  animals.txt       letters.txt  numbers.txt   red.txt

sysadmin@localhost:~$ aptitude moo  

There are no Easter Eggs in this program.

sysadmin@localhost:~$ ls -l

total 32

drwx------ 2 sysadmin sysadmin 4096 Dec 20  2017 Desktop                        

drwx------ 4 sysadmin sysadmin 4096 Dec 20  2017 Documents                      

drwx------ 2 sysadmin sysadmin 4096 Dec 20  2017 Downloads                      

drwx------ 2 sysadmin sysadmin 4096 Dec 20  2017 Music                          

drwx------ 2 sysadmin sysadmin 4096 Dec 20  2017 Pictures                       

drwx------ 2 sysadmin sysadmin 4096 Dec 20  2017 Public                         

drwx------ 2 sysadmin sysadmin 4096 Dec 20  2017 Templates                      

drwx------ 2 sysadmin sysadmin 4096 Dec 20  2017 Videos

sysadmin@localhost:~$ ls -r

Videos  Templates  Public  Pictures  Music  Downloads  Documents  Desktop

sysadmin@localhost:~$ ls -l -r

total 32

drwx------ 2 sysadmin sysadmin 4096 Dec 20  2017 Videos                         

drwx------ 2 sysadmin sysadmin 4096 Dec 20  2017 Templates                      

drwx------ 2 sysadmin sysadmin 4096 Dec 20  2017 Public                         

drwx------ 2 sysadmin sysadmin 4096 Dec 20  2017 Pictures                       

drwx------ 2 sysadmin sysadmin 4096 Dec 20  2017 Music                          

drwx------ 2 sysadmin sysadmin 4096 Dec 20  2017 Downloads                      

drwx------ 4 sysadmin sysadmin 4096 Dec 20  2017 Documents                      

drwx------ 2 sysadmin sysadmin 4096 Dec 20  2017 Desktop   

sysadmin@localhost:~$ ls -rl

total 32

drwx------ 2 sysadmin sysadmin 4096 Dec 20  2017 Videos                         

drwx------ 2 sysadmin sysadmin 4096 Dec 20  2017 Templates                      

drwx------ 2 sysadmin sysadmin 4096 Dec 20  2017 Public                         

drwx------ 2 sysadmin sysadmin 4096 Dec 20  2017 Pictures                       

drwx------ 2 sysadmin sysadmin 4096 Dec 20  2017 Music                          

drwx------ 2 sysadmin sysadmin 4096 Dec 20  2017 Downloads                      

drwx------ 4 sysadmin sysadmin 4096 Dec 20  2017 Documents                      

drwx------ 2 sysadmin sysadmin 4096 Dec 20  2017 Desktop